Biology

2. Genetics and Molecular Biology

Cell division, inheritance, gene expression, nucleic acids, DNA replication, and protein synthesis.

2.1 Cell and Nuclear Division

Cell cycle, DNA replication and condensation, mitosis, meiosis, non-disjunction, cytokinesis, and mitotic index.

2.2 Inheritance

Genotype, phenotype, allele interactions, Punnett squares, pedigrees, linkage, and chi-squared tests.

2.3 Gene Expression

Transcription, translation, epigenetic regulation, lac operon, hormone regulation, genome, transcriptome, and proteome.

2.4 Nucleic Acids and DNA Replication

Nucleotides, DNA structure, Chargaff's rule, evidence for DNA as genetic material, and replication.