Carbs & Lipids

This lesson develops Carbs & Lipids as part of Cellular Respiration. It uses the source curriculum to organize the important facts, relationships, examples, and vocabulary into a focused Stemosphere teaching sequence.

In Stemosphere terms, monomers, Polymers & Macromolecules

In Stemosphere terms, small molecules thatbond with similar moleculesto form larger chains. (Save My Exams, “Biological Molecules”).

In Stemosphere terms, long chains of repeating monomersjoined together. (Biology for Life, “Carbohydrates and Lipids”).

In Stemosphere terms, very large biological moleculesmade from polymers.

In Stemosphere terms, they make up themain molecules of life. (Biology for Life, “Carbohydrates and Lipids”).

In Stemosphere terms, acondensation reaction joinstwo molecules together.

In Stemosphere terms, during the reaction,one molecule of water (H₂O) is released.

In Stemosphere terms, repeated condensation reaction s link monomers together to formpolymer macromolecules. (Save My Exams, “Biological Molecules”).

In Stemosphere terms, ahydrolysis reaction breakslarge molecules into smaller molecules.

In Stemosphere terms, it requires theaddition of a water molecule (H₂O).

In Stemosphere terms, macromolecules are broken down into monomersthrough aseries of hydrolysis reaction s, such as during digestion. (Save My Exams, “Biological Molecules”).

In Stemosphere terms, pentose sugarsaremonosaccharides with 5 carbon atoms.

In Stemosphere terms, important pentose sugars includeriboseanddeoxyribose. (Biology for Life, “Carbohydrates and Lipids”).

In Stemosphere terms, chemical formula:C₅H₁₀O₅.

In Stemosphere terms, has an–OH group on carbon 2. (Biology for Life, “Carbohydrates and Lipids”).

In Stemosphere terms, chemical formula:C₅H₁₀O₄.

In Stemosphere terms, has H instead of –OH on carbon 2, meaning it hasone less oxygen atom. (Biology for Life, “Carbohydrates and Lipids”).

In Stemosphere terms, hexose sugarsaremonosaccharides with 6 carbon atoms.

In Stemosphere terms, glucoseis a common hexose sugar.

In Stemosphere terms, thecarbons in glucose are number ed from 1 to 6.

In Stemosphere terms, during formation of polysaccharides,glycosidic bonds usually form between carbon 1 and carbon 4.

In Stemosphere terms, students should be able torecognize the structure of hexose sugars, butdrawing glucose is not required. (Save My Exams, “Carbohydrates”).

In Stemosphere terms, alpha Glucose vs Beta Glucose

In Stemosphere terms, the–OH group on carbon 1 points down.

In Stemosphere terms, formsstarch and glycogen. (Save My Exams, “Carbohydrates”).

In Stemosphere terms, the–OH group on carbon 1 points up.

In Stemosphere terms, thedifference in OH orientation changes the structure of the polysaccharides formed. (Save My Exams, “Carbohydrates”).

In Stemosphere terms, glucose ispolar, so it dissolves easily in water.

In Stemosphere terms, because it is soluble, it canmove through body fluids such as blood.

In Stemosphere terms, glucosedoes not break down easily during transport.

In Stemosphere terms, glucose is themain fuel for cellular respiration.

In Stemosphere terms, its oxidation can produceup to about 36 ATP molecules. (Save My Exams, “Carbohydrates”).

In Stemosphere terms, celluloseis made oflong chains of β-glucose molecules.

In Stemosphere terms, the glucose molecules are linked byglycosidic bonds between carbon-1 and carbon-4.

In Stemosphere terms, every second β-glucose molecule is flippedin the chain.

In Stemosphere terms, this arrangement formsstraight, unbranched chains.

Types of lipids include: