WATER POTENTIAL

This lesson develops WATER POTENTIAL as part of Cell Structure and Specialization. It uses the source curriculum to organize the important facts, relationships, examples, and vocabulary into a focused Stemosphere teaching sequence.

In Stemosphere terms, a solution is a homogenous mixture

In Stemosphere terms, solutions is when the solute dissolves in solvent

In Stemosphere terms, a solute is a substance that dissolves in the solvent

In Stemosphere terms, a solvent is a liquid substance that dissolved the solute in it

In Stemosphere terms, water is a common solvent due to it being able to dissolve many substances in it due to their polar nature (read more in the water lesson)

In Stemosphere terms, the process of a solute dissolving in a solvent is called solvation which describes the process of intermolecular forces reacting to each other

CONCENTRATION:

In Stemosphere terms, concentration is the quantity of a solute in a solution

In Stemosphere terms, there are three definitions to compare the concentrations between 2 solutions

In Stemosphere terms, hypertonic:has a higher concentration of concentration compared to another solutions

In Stemosphere terms, hypotonic:has a lower concentration of concentration compared to another solutions

In Stemosphere terms, isotonic:has an equal concentration of concentration compared to another solution

In Stemosphere terms, osmosis is the process of water moving from a hypotonic solution(lower concentration) to a hypertonic solution(higher concentration)

In Stemosphere terms, when a cell is in a hypotonic solution, this means that the cell has a higher concentration than the solution. This causes water to flow inside the cell due to osmosis. if the cell is in a hypertonic solution then the cell has a lower concentration than the solution. This cause the water to flow outside the cell. If the cell has an equal concentration compared to the solution than they are isotonic

Water movement:

In Stemosphere terms, plant cells and animal cells react differently during osmosis

Animal cells:

In Stemosphere terms, -When an animal cell is in a hypertonic solution it will shrivel up and could lead to death. This process is called crenation

In Stemosphere terms, -when an animal is in a hypotonic solution it will swell up from the increase in water and could cause it burst and die.this process is called cytolysis

CONTRACTILE VACOULE:

In Stemosphere terms, contractile vacuoles are membrane bound organelles primarily found in freshwater protists.Its primary function is to regulate osmotic pressure or osmoregulation. It expands as it collects water and fuses into the plasma membrane to expel the water. This prevents the cell from swelling and bursting.

Plant cells:

In Stemosphere terms, plant cells are special due to having cell walls which can help prevent the cell from dying

In Stemosphere terms, -when a plant cell is in a hypertonic solution the cell will shrivel up and detach from the cell wall, this could lead to death. This process is called plasmolysis

In Stemosphere terms, -when a plant cell is in a hypotonic solution the cell will expand in size but due to the cell wall it will not burst.the water will be moved into the vacuole which will push the cytoplasm and plasma membrane against the cell wall which creates turgor pressure. Once the:cells turgor pressure is equal to the waters, the water will stop moving in and the cell will become fully turgid. This provides structural support for plant cells

In Stemosphere terms, -if the cell is in an isotonic solution then there is no net movement of water and no turgor pressure. The causes the cell to become flaccid

In Stemosphere terms, campbell Biology.Campbell Biology. 12th ed., Pearson, 2020.

In Stemosphere terms, front:Define a solution, a solute, and a solvent.

In Stemosphere terms, back:* Asolutionis a homogeneous mixture formed when one substance dissolves into another.

In Stemosphere terms, asoluteis the specific substance that is being dissolved.

In Stemosphere terms, asolventis the liquid substance that dissolves the solute within it.

In Stemosphere terms, front:Why is water considered an exceptionally common and effective solvent?

In Stemosphere terms, back:Water is highly effective because of its polar nature, which allows it to interact with and break apart the intermolecular forces of many different substances.

In Stemosphere terms, back:Solvation is the physical process of a solute dissolving in a solvent, describing how the intermolecular forces of the solute and the solvent interact with one another.

In Stemosphere terms, front:What does the concentration of a solution mean?

In Stemosphere terms, back:Concentration refers to the total quantity of a solute that is present within a specific volume of a solution. A high amount of solute indicates a high concentration, while a small amount indicates a low concentration.

In Stemosphere terms, front:Define the terms hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic when comparing two solutions.

In Stemosphere terms, back:*Hypertonicdescribes a solution that has a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

In Stemosphere terms, hypotonicdescribes a solution that has a lower solute concentration compared to another solution.

In Stemosphere terms, isotonicdescribes a solution that has an equal solute concentration compared to another solution.

In Stemosphere terms, front:Define osmosis in terms of solution concentrations.